Amblyopia management

Amblyopia is a reversible neurodevelopmental disorder but can cause vision loss if untreated, especially within critical period of visual neuroplasticity. We review different treatment modalities for amblyopia including refractive correction, occlusion therapy, medication, surgery, perceptual learning, and the more advanced binocular therapy. Binocular therapy can improve both visual acuity and stereoacuity, but whether it is superior to occlusion therapy remains controversial. Future studies to determine the optimal treatment duration, timing of initiation, dosage, and when to step up treatment when other treatments become refractory are warranted.