Natural Control of the Citrus Mealybug1

The introduction into California of certain natural enemies of the citrus mealybug (Pseudococcus citri Risso) has apparently accomplished its control and brought the population to a very low point. The coccinellid beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls., and the hymenopterous parasite, Leptomastidea abnormis Gir., can be credited with the major part of this reduction of the citrus mealybug. The present paper gives a brief history of the pest in California and some observations on the predators and parasites present during the early outbreaks and continuing up through the year 1918. There is a rather complex interrelation of the various parasitic enemies, the most important of which are pictured on the accompanying chart.