Observational (n=17)
Mathematical modeling using panel co-integration and Granger causality demonstrates a long-term interaction and bi-directional causality between ECG and other physiological signals (GSR, respiration) in drivers.
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Ghouali et al. (2017) conducted an observational in Healthy volunteers (driving stress) (n=17). Physiological signals (EMG, GSR, HR, Respiration) was evaluated on Long-term causality between ECG and other physiological signals.
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