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This study examines their strategic behavior, focusing on hedging, neutrality, and alliance-building as key approaches to ensuring sovereignty and stability. The article utilizes the following research approaches: Decision-Making Approach, Descriptive-Analytical Method, Regional Systems Approach, Geographical Scope, and Temporal Scope. The findings show that while Oman adopts a policy of neutrality to balance relations, Bahrain and the UAE align closely with major powers for security guarantees. The results indicate that Qatar emphasizes international alliances and mediation to preserve its autonomy, whereas Kuwait employs a diplomatic balancing act, mediating disputes and fostering regional integration. Conducting a study on addressing security challenges and strategic approaches of Arab Gulf states is one of the main implications. These strategies reflect a spectrum of pragmatic approaches, allowing these nations to navigate regional rivalries and global power shifts while maintaining national independence. This study underscores the critical role of adaptive policies in securing the sovereignty of small states within a volatile geopolitical environment.
Salameh et al. (Wed,) studied this question.