Surface Water Pollution Source Identification and Quantification: Literature Review

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Surface waters are important natural resources and widely used for different purpose in human life such as agriculture, industry, municipal services and so on. Using surface water at high rate led to increasing of their pollution and scarcity. This pollution is mainly human made, in some case anthropogenic. Recognizing this problem currently, water pollution source identification and quantification is an active research area. The main objective of this review is to identify different pollution factors of surface water, approaches and methods used by different researchers for identification and quantification this pollution sources. There is different pollution factors surface water such as: heavy metal, micro plastic, nutrients like Nitrogen and phosphorus, waterborne pathogenic microbes, and petroleum hydrocarbons. Different pollution identification and quantification methods were used in different literature based on objectives and scopes of the studies. This include: Inverse Methods, Bayesian Inference, an Innovative Biosensor Network, Differential Evolution (DE) optimization algorithm, Combining Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) and Metropolis– Hastings–Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MH–MCMC), Field Observation and Laboratory Analysis, and Multivariate Receptor Model.