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The GIS Center at the University of California, Merced provides research services to faculty and is responsible for managing and maintaining a geospatial collection for our students and researchers. We support Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software for over 500 users yearly and provide workshops and consultations. GIS Center technical research staff have provided consulting services to researchers and direct project support. Through four case studies, we will detail our processes for converting historic maps into GIS products that contribute to research publications and data sets. Specifically, we will discuss the technical demands and research benefits of georeferencing and vectorizing digitized historic maps utilizing various methods including machine learning and heads up digitizing and sharing that data via ArcGIS Online and other cloud-based applications. We conclude with recommendations for others embarking upon this type of work.
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Mutch et al. (2024) studied this question.
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