Acute changes in blood lipid profiles and metabolic risk factors in collegiate elite taekwondo athletes after short-term de-training: a prospective insight for athletic health management

Fig. 1.. Changes in triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (CHOL) at before and after a two-months de-training in the elite TKD collegiate athletes. The circulating levls of (a) triglyceride (TG; mg/dL) and (b) total circulating cholesterol (CHOL; mg/dL) were measured during regular competition training/preparation season (TKD Tx; gray bar) and after two-months de-training (De-training [2 M]). All values are expressed as Mean ± S.E.M. * denotes the significant difference between TKD Tx and De-training [2 M] (p < 0.05).

Fig. 2. Changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) at before and after a two-months de-training in the elite TKD collegiate athletes. The circulating levls of a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL; mg/dL) and b low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL; mg/dL) were measured during regular competition training/preparation season (TKD Tx; gray bar) and after two-months de-training (De-training [2 M]). All values are expressed as Mean ± S.E.M. # denotes the approached significant difference between TKD Tx and De-training [2 M] (p < 0.075)

Fig. 3. Changes in atherogenic dyslipidemia indexes before and after a two-months de-training period in elite TKD collegiate athletes. The atherogenic dyslipidemia indexes, including a the ratio of total cholesterol-to-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (CHOL/LDL ratio) and b the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL/HDL ratio) were measured during regular competition training/preparation season (TKD Tx; gray bar) and after two-months de-training (De-training [2 M]). All values are expressed as Mean ± S.E.M. ** denotes the approached significant difference between TKD Tx and De-training [2 M] (p < 0.01); *** denotes the approached significant difference between TKD Tx and De-training [2 M] (p < 0.001)

Fig. 4. Changes in blood platelet number and plateletcrit at before and after a two-months de-training period in elite TKD collegiate athletes. The circulating levls of a platelet number (103/mm3), b plateletcrit (PCT; %), and c platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were measured during regular competition training/preparation season (TKD Tx; gray bar) and after two-months de-training (De-training [2 M]). All values are expressed as Mean ± S.E.M. * denotes the approached significant difference between TKD Tx and De-training [2 M] (p < 0.05); ** denotes the approached significant difference between TKD Tx and De-training [2 M] (p < 0.01)

Fig. 5. Changes in pherial insulin resistance status using McAuley’s Index at before and after a two-months de-training period in elite TKD collegiate athletes. The McAuley’s Index (based on the calculation using fasint insulin and TG levels) was measured and calculated during regular competition training/preparation season (TKD Tx; gray bar) and after two-months de-training (De-training [2 M]). All values are expressed as Mean ± S.E.M. * denotes the approached significant difference between TKD Tx and De-training [2 M] (p < 0.05)