The results of an experimental study to determine the spatial properties of unstable confocal resonator modes and their influence upon both the fractional output coupling and the far-field angular divergence are presented. The radial intensity distributions of the lowest order circulating mode within CO2unstable resonators and the corresponding near- and far-field patterns have been measured. The radial profiles exhibit a significantly nonuniform intensity distribution consistent with the results of recent theoretical analysis. The far-field intensity distribution as well as the fractional output coupling have been investigated for a number of unstable confocal resonator geometries. For modes contained within the uniform-gain region of the laser tube, the experimental results are in excellent agreement with Siegman's unstable resonator analysis.
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Freiberg et al. (1972) studied this question.
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