A simple method to determine the water activity of ethanol-containing samples

The water activity (aw) of microbial substrates, biological samples, and foods and drinks is usually determined by direct measurement of the equilibrium relative humidity above a sample. However, these materials can contain ethanol, which disrupts the operation of humidity sensors. Previously, an indirect and problematic technique based on freezing-point depression measurements was needed to calculate the aw when ethanol was present. We now describe a rapid and accurate method to determine the aw of ethanol-containing samples at ambient temperatures. Disruption of sensor measurements was minimized by using a newly developed, alcohol-resistant humidity sensor fitted with an alcohol filter. Linear equations were derived from aw measurements of standard ethanol-water mixtures, and from Norrish's equation, to correct sensor measurements. To our knowledge, this is the first time that electronic sensors have been used to determine the aw of ethanol-containing samples.