A Conceptualization and Test of the Influences of Individual Differences in Goal‐Setting Situations¹

This research tests a hypothesized model of the relationships among several individual differences and variables associated with the setting of goals. Participants were randomly assigned to a self‐set goal condition, or to moderately or very‐difficult assigned‐goal conditions. By aggregating scores of performance, personal goals, ratings of self‐efficacy, and goal commitment over multiple goal‐setting and task‐performance occasions, the overall relationships among these variables and need for achievement, self‐esteem, and locus of control were determined. Results provide strong support for Locke and Latham's (1990a, 1990b) model of the goal‐performance relation, but fail to support the hypothesized role of individual differences. The implications of these findings and individual differences in goal‐setting situations are discussed.