Optimizing the integration of type C distributed generation systems for enhanced performance of medium voltage distribution networks: A review

The rapid evolution of electrical energy systems is increasingly driven by the integration of Distributed Generation (DG) technologies, particularly Type C systems such as solar photovoltaic (PV) installations. As the demand for sustainable, efficient, and reliable electricity continues to grow globally, these non-dispatchable renewable sources are emerging as pivotal in transforming medium voltage (MV) distribution networks. This review synthesizes recent advances in the optimal placement and integration of Type C DG units within MV grids, typically operating between 11 kV and 33 kV, with a focus on minimizing active power losses and enhancing voltage stability, two critical parameters in modern power systems. It examines the technical architecture of MV networks, explores DG classification and operational characteristics, and highlights the benefits and constraints of deploying PV-based DG. Emphasis is placed on optimization methodologies, implementation challenges, and enabling technologies such as smart inverters and energy storage systems. The findings underscore that, despite their intermittency, Type C DG units, when strategically integrated can significantly improve grid resilience, flexibility, and sustainability, supporting the evolution toward intelligent, decentralized, and future-ready smart grids.