Heat flow associated with certain major crustal features is found to have a net value that is no greater than that associated with relatively undisturbed regions in which heat transfer is believed to be due to conduction. The redistribution of heat flow observed on midoceanic rises may result from conductivity anomalies and intrusion of magmatic bodies to shallow levels. Temperature and pressure changes in the upper mantle may produce conductivity variations that in some cases would result in partial melting of extensive horizontal layers.
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Alexander R. McBirney (1963) studied this question.
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