X-Ray stress measurement on steels having preferred-orientation

A non-linear distribution of (211) interplanar spacing is shown to occur in textured steels, the reasons for the non-linearity being marked texture, cold-formed structure and stresses. For stress evaluation it is recommended that the directions ψ be used, which are independent of texture. The paper gives the modified sin 2 ψ method, for both film and goniometer techniques, for predominantly uniaxial stresses.