Measurement of Energy Expenditure in Man: A Review of Available Methods

Measurement of energy expenditure in man is required to assess metabolic needs and fuel utilization. Indirect and direct calorimetric and non-calorimetric methods for measuring energy expenditure are reviewed and their relative value for measurement in the clinical setting assessed. Where high accuracy is required and sufficient resources are available, chamber-based indirect and direct calorimeters are optimal. If less accurate measurements are acceptable, or resources are limited, flexible total collection systems or canopy ventilated, flow-over, indirect calorimetry systems provide assessments of acceptable accuracy.