By utilizing the ultrafast dynamics of the photo-excited electrons in graphene, we theoretically present an ultrafast all-optical plasmonic modulator. With the help of an external pump, the femtosecond thermodynamics of the hot carriers can tune the Fermi level of the graphene sheet in less than 1 ps, which is the dependence of the support for the surface plasmonic wave. This device shows the ability to operate from the near-infrared regime to the far-infrared spectrum with the extinction ratio over 10 dB and the pump fluence of 0.41 mJ/cm2. Such an ultrafast modulator may pave the way for designing the ultrahigh speed integrated photonics circuits.
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Zhou et al. (2018) studied this question.
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