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Beginning as an simple utilitarian element to defend a place or one's home from external threats, a wall refects a society's culture� walls express territoriality and are evident symbols of the perceived relationship between the public and private realms. Levi and del Rio discuss why understanding the meaning of walls is fundamental for planners and urban designers, and for any attempt to design and regulate place.
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Leví et al. (2016) studied this question.
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