Tourism crisis: an integrated framework-based review

This study reviews 396 papers on tourism crisis by applying an integrated framework that synthesizes an adaptation of Ritchie’s phase-wise model with the TCM-ADO model from review studies. Our framework organizes research by addressing “when” (crisis phase), “whom” (stakeholders), “what” (antecedents, decisions, outcomes), “how” (theories, contexts, methods), and “where” (future directions) knowledge applies. By comprehensively reviewing a broad range of studies, we advance the field by bridging traditional tourism crisis research with systematic review methodologies. We identify nine antecedent categories and four outcome dimensions, providing constructs that facilitate the development and testing of causal models across diverse contexts, phases, and stakeholders. This augmented framework not only synthesizes extant literature but also suggests future research directions to address identified knowledge gaps and refine theory in marketing and tourism research.