A Review on Safety and Potency Testing Of Capripoxvirus Vaccines

Capripoxvirus-induced diseases are commonly described as the most serious poxvirus diseases of production animals, as they have a significant impact on national and global economies. Therefore, they are classified as notifiable infectious diseases to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) which need to be immediately declared due to their considerable and substantial economic impact in endemic regions. Prevention and control of capripoxvirus infections is mainly based on vaccination of susceptible animals. As the 3 capripoxvirus share major neutralization sites, cross-immunity has been reported. A variety of live attenuated and inactivated vaccines have been used for the control of capripoxvirus. In this review, we report safety and efficacy results on animals for different vaccines used against capripoxvirus. We focus precisely on capripoxvirus diseases, namely sheep pox, goat pox, and lumpy skin disease which have a high potential for infection, causing damage to small ruminants and cattle, economic loss due to trade restrictions, limitations on animal movement and implementation of vaccination campaigns.