Effect of upper torso inclination in Fowler’s position on autonomic cardiovascular regulation

The present study investigates autonomic cardiovascular regulation during postural changes while in Fowler's position. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and sequence baroreflex sensitivity (sBRS) were measured in 12 healthy individuals in three positions (Experiment 1). We also measured RSA, sBRS, tidal volume (TV), lung volume spectrum (LV spectrum), and transfer gain and phase between lung volume and RR interval (RSA-TF, RSATF-phase) in 11 healthy individuals in two positions (Experiment 2). All participants maintained respiratory frequency at 15 breaths/min. The three positions in Experiment 1 were 30°, 45°, and 60° of upper torso inclination with a lower torso inclination of 30° throughout all evaluations. The two positions in Experiment 2 were 30° and 60° of upper torso backrest inclination with a lower torso inclination of 30° throughout all evaluations. The results of Experiment 1 showed significantly higher RSA and sBRS at 60° and 45° than at 30°, whereas RR interval (RRI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not differ significantly under any condition. The results of Experiment 2 showed that RSA, RSA-TF, sBRS, TV, and LV spectrum were significantly higher at 60° than at 30°, and that RRI, SBP, DBP, and the RSATF phase did not significantly differ under any condition. These findings suggested that slight flexion of the upper torso in Fowler's position activates respiratory function and increases the contribution of vagal nerve activity to the cardiovascular system in young participants under conditions of a fixed respiratory rate.