Small-rimmed intertidal reefs develop in the subtropical marine waters of Israel and Bermuda when erosion of exposed promontories is arrested by vermetid gastropods. The reefs in Bermuda are actively growing, wave-resistant biogenic structures, while those in Israel are limestone structures only encrusted by a relatively thin layer of vermetid shells cemented by coralline algae.
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Uriel N. Safriel (1974) studied this question.
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