Five elementary regular classroom students (9 and 10 years old) showed moderate reductions in disruptive behavior when rules were introduced, little or no improvement with a teacher-administered point system, further reductions in disruptive behavior when self-rating with bonus points for matching the teacher's rating was introduced, and deterioration when returned to the simple teacher-administered point system is ineffective or when social consequences for accurate rating cannot be given frequently.
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Birkimer et al. (1979) studied this question.