This paper analyzes the influence of technology uncertainties on the sizing of battery systems. The sizing is based on the minimization of the costs incurred by the end customer and is performed considering demand response applications in the frame of time of use tariffs. The randomness of i ) battery round trip efficiency, ii ) life time duration, iii ) unit costs related to battery capacity, power conversion system, operation and maintenance and replacement is taken into account in order to identify the most convenient solution from an economic and technical point of view. Based on the load requests of actual industrial and residential loads, numerical applications have been performed. The results provided useful information regarding the influence uncertainties have in the choice of a battery energy storage system.
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Carpinelli et al. (2017) studied this question.
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