Why does it matter to the pediatrician whether the baby was born naturally or by Cesarean section? A review

Cesarean section is one of the most common operations in obstetrics and gynecology. However, despite the widespread use of this procedure, it is associated with certain risks for the mother and the child. As a result of cesarean section (CS), newborns do not acquire some important microorganisms during the passage of the maternal birth canal, which can impact the development and alter the functioning of the microbial ecosystem of the child. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining human health. It promotes digestion, strengthens the immune system, and produces some vitamins. Recent studies show that the intestinal microbiota of children born with CS differs from that of children born naturally. This article addresses the consequences of this difference on children's health and available ways of correcting the intestinal microbiota composition in children born via CS. Understanding the mechanisms of gut microbiota formation and function in these children can help develop effective strategies to prevent and treat various diseases associated with gut microbiota imbalance.