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Flooding of soil rapidly depletes soil oxygen and alters plant metabolism, thereby inhibiting growth. Reduced growth is preceded by stomatal closure; reduced photosynthesis, carbohydrate translocation, and mineral absorption; as well as altered hormone balance. Flood tolerance varies widely among plant species, cultivars, and ecotypes and is associated with both morphological and physiological adaptations.
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T. T. Kozlowski (1984) studied this question.
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