A general, three-dimensional formulation of the elastoplastic refined Superior sand constitutive model is presented. The model is aimed at realistic simulation of liquefaction phenomena occurring in loose saturated granular materials under monotonic static loading. The isotropic hardening/softening is related to plastic deformation and distance to a reference yield surface. The nonassociated flow rule is used with the closed yield surface introduced previously in the Superior sand model. The refined model accounts for the different response of materials with different deposition densities. The model prediction of drained and undrained plane-strain compression is presented and compared with the response in triaxial compression/extension loading. Static and kinematic instability states also are discussed.
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Mróz et al. (2003) studied this question.
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