The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge through research in the area of operant management of chronic back pain, using a strong experimental design. Reinforcement was made contingent on rate of walking, and feedback about progress was provided at certain intervals during each observation session. The changing criterion experimental design for a single subject indicated important systematic increases in walking rate, while the no-reinforcement and non-contingent reinforcement procedures produced no systematic effect. Pre-post ratings showed an average decrease in reported pain.
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Geiger et al. (1992) studied this question.
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