The electron beam ion trap (EBIT) spectroscopy that now seems routine would not be possible without considerable good luck in several areas of EBIT technology. Among these are X-ray background, ion cooling, neutral gas density, and electron current density and energy control. A favorable outcome in these areas has enabled clean X-ray spectra, sufficient intensity for high-resolution spectroscopy, production of very high-charge states, and a remarkable variety of spectroscopic measurements. During construction of the first EBIT 20 years ago, it was not clear that any of this was possible.PACS Nos.: 34.80.Kw, 32.30.Rj
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R. E. Marrs (2008) studied this question.
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