This double-blind crossover study investigated the effect of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate on time trial performance. The investigators enrolled 10 well-trained cyclists to perform 3-km time trials. The participants were given weight-based dosing of caffeine alone, sodium bicarbonate alone, a combination of the 2, or placebo for each trial. The main outcome measures were performance times, power output, and blood sample analysis of pH, lactate, and bicarbonate.
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A 2013 study studied this question.