Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR have been used to characterize the structure of natural rubber cyclized with p ‐toluenesulfonic acid. The samples studied were only partially cyclized. The cyclized portions contained both mobile and rigid domains. Crosslinking occurred during the cyclization reaction. The cyclized samples showed a distribution of functionalities including some oxidation products. All three types of olefinic segmented end groups were formed during cyclization (di‐, tri‐, and tetrasubstituted olefins). The loss of the exocyclic species leads to the formation of cross‐linked networks.
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Patterson et al. (1987) studied this question.
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