Regulation of Gut Microbiota a Potential Therapeutic Option for Insulin Resistance - A Review

There has been an exponential rise in the incidence of metabolic diseases globally in recent years.In the metabolic disease spectrum, insulin resistance is considered to be a precursor of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.If insulin resistance is left untreated, it leads to hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, and eventually, frank diabetes.While genetic susceptibility plays a role in disease development, non-genetic factors such as diet and lifestyle have been instrumental in disease progression.One such factor that has been increasingly linked to insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes is gut dysbiosis.A healthy gut microbiome regulates metabolism and endocrine signaling.An imbalance of the gut microbiome has been shown to increase gut permeability, cause low-grade inflammation and immune dysfunction, and lead to insulin resistance.This review focuses on the role of gut dysbiosis in metabolic disease and explores interventions like diet, prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as potential strategies to regulate gut microbiota to ameliorate insulin resistance.By providing an up-to-date analysis of the therapeutic options, this review underscores the potential of targeting gut microbiota as a promising approach to prevent the progression of insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting the need for personalized gut microbiota-based therapies in the future.