Electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide: fundamentals and practical aspects of producing graphene-based materials

Since its initial isolation, graphene has continued to attract sustained interest from the scientific community due to its unique combination of physical and chemical properties. A key factor hindering the development of research and practical applications of graphene is the difficulty of graphene production in practically significant quantities. Currently, the most accessible and widely used method for obtaining graphene is the chemical oxidation — reduction approach. This method involves the preliminary oxidation of natural graphite to form monolayer sheets of graphene oxide, which are then subjected to reduction. A broad range of reduction techniques have been proposed for graphene oxide, among which electrochemical reduction occupies a leading position. The uniqueness of this review lies in providing, in a single work, the most comprehensive coverage of all aspects necessary for thorough study and practical implementation of the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide. In addition, this review systematizes and compares a substantial body of experimental data and analyzes possible reasons for discrepancies in results obtained under seemingly identical conditions. The bibliography includes 448 references.