An X-band magnetically insulated line oscillator (MILO) with a separate cathode has been proposed in order to improve microwave output characteristics. The separate cathode consists of three parts with gradually decreased radii, which are divided by two deep grooves, and only partial cathode surfaces are allowed to emit electrons. In particle-in-cell simulation, high-power microwave with a power of 6.9 GW, frequency of 9.26 GHz, and efficiency of 20.6% is generated, compared with that of 12.2% obtained in a conventional cathode X-band MILO, and the power ratio of the output transverse-electromagnetic mode to transverse-magnetic (TM01) mode is increased from 4 to 27.
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Xiao et al. (2010) studied this question.
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