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An ecton mechanism for the operation of the cathode spot and the concept of a deep nonstationary potential well are used as the basis to propose a model of collective ion acceleration at the spark stage of a vacuum discharge. It is shown that in principle a deep potential well can form in the presence of an external electric field and the conditions for its formation in an explosive-emission diode are clarified. The proposed model can explain the main processes leading to collective ion acceleration and shows good agreement with the experimental results.
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Barengolts et al. (2000) studied this question.
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