In-Volume Glass Modification Using a Femtosecond Laser: Comparison Between Repetitive Single-Pulse, MHz Burst, and GHz Burst Regimes

In this study, we report, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, on in-volume glass modifications produced by GHz bursts of femtosecond pulses. We compare three distinct methods of energy deposition in glass, i.e., the single-pulse, MHz burst, and GHz burst regimes, and evaluate the resulting modifications. Specifically, we investigate in-volume modifications produced by each regime under varying parameters such as the pulse/burst energy, the scanning velocity, and the number of pulses in the burst, with the aim of establishing welding process windows for both sodalime and fused silica.