The spray characteristics of angled liquid injection into subsonic crossflows were experimentally investigated. The experiments were conducted using water as the test liquid and included variations of the nozzle injection angle, air velocity of the crossflow, and liquid flow rate. An initial assessment of the spray characteristics performed with the aid of a visualization technique revealed that the overall jet penetration, breakup length, and atomization quality are significantly affected by the nozzle injection angle and, to a lesser extent, by the liquid-to-air momentum flux ratio. Subsequently, detailed droplet size and droplet velocities were obtained for various sprays by the use of phase Doppler anemometry. The data reveal that there is an evident longitudinal droplet velocity/diameter correlation for all droplets, with small droplets being faster than larger droplets. Furthermore, the droplet mean diameters diminish on increasing the nozzle injection angle but are affected only marginally by the liquid-to-air momentum flux ratio.
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Costa et al. (2006) studied this question.
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