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ZnO:Er ³⁺ –Yb ³⁺ @Gd ₂ O ₃ nanostructures were obtained by “ wet ” chemistry methods – the sol–gel technique for the preparation of ZnO and ZnO:Er ³⁺ –Yb ³⁺ nanoparticles (NPs), and the seed deposition method for obtaining Gd ₂ O ₃ .
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Babayevska et al. (2016) studied this question.
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