A Brief Review on Nanoparticles: Types of Platforms, Biological Synthesis and Applications

Nanotechnology refers to the engineering and exploitation of materials whose size ranges from 1-100 nm. There are several types of nanoparticles platforms which are differentiated based on their size, shape, composition and their functionalities. These platforms include liposomes, Albumin-bound, Polymeric, Quantum Dots and Iron Oxide. Biological method for the synthesis of nanoparticles is easy, cost-effective and environmental friendly. Biological systems have the capabilities of converting metal ions into metal nanoparticles in a very friendly manner. Nanoparticles can be used in Fluorescent biological labels, drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering etc. Furthermore, nanoparticles have vast applications in daily life.