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Copper nanotubes (NTs) and nanowires (NWs) with Y- and step-shaped topologies (see image) are built via electrodeposition inside anodic aluminum oxide templates. Thermal-expansion measurements demonstrate that their thermal-expansion coefficients (TECs) are temperature dependent and that the TECs of the stem/large-diameter segments are more sensitive than those of the branch/small-diameter segments.
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Yang et al. (2009) studied this question.
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