Shubnikov–de Haas Oscillations in Single-Crystal Bismuth Nanowires Encased in Quartz Template

Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations were measured at 0.3 K in bismuth nanowires with diameters of 393, 548, and 622 nm, and lengths of over 1 mm, which were encased in quartz templates. The magnetoresistance was measured up to a magnetic field of 17 T. Distinct SdH oscillations were observed, and the nanowire samples were rotated in the magnetic field to determine the contribution due to holes, electrons, and spin–orbit interactions. For the 622-nm-diameter nanowire, for example, values of 30.7 meV and 1.66 × 10 17 cm -3 were obtained for the Fermi energy and carrier density, respectively, which were similar to the values for bulk bismuth.