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AIMS: To review studies on the associations of incontinence and special needs in children and adults and to outline future directions in research and clinical care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of literature was conducted. Open questions and future directions were discussed during the ICI-RS meeting in 2014. RESULTS: Special needs comprise a wide variety of conditions and disabilities. Individuals with special needs carry a greater risk for all types of incontinence. There is a high tendency for incontinence to persist from childhood into adulthood. Many people do not receive adequate medical care for their incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: More detailed research is needed, especially in the adult population with special needs. Assessment and treatment of incontinence should be offered routinely to all those with special needs.
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Gontard et al. (2016) studied this question.
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