New waves of technologies have been sweeping through all industrial sectors in the 1980s. Increasingly, corporate managers have begun to use technology strategies as a major competitive tool. Within these strategies, there are at least a dozen different patterns of redesign and re‐innovation. Overall, one of the most important philosophies has been development of robust design configurations. These robust designs have a product family of variants which meet changing market needs with benefits for both producers and users.
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Rothwell et al. (1988) studied this question.
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