Green Accounting, CSR, and Firm Value: Investigating Mediation Pathways in Sustainable Business Practices

This study investigates the mediation pathways through which green accounting and corporate social responsibility (CSR) influence firm value within the context of sustainable business practices in Indonesia’s energy, mining, and logistics sectors. Using a quantitative approach and a panel dataset of 23 publicly listed companies observed from 2022 to 2024, the research examines whether green accounting and CSR disclosures directly affect firm value or operate indirectly through mediating mechanisms such as environmental performance, profitability, and stakeholder perception. The findings reveal that both green accounting and CSR have limited direct effects on firm value, suggesting that sustainability initiatives do not immediately translate into market valuation benefits. However, the results support the conceptual model that green accounting enhances CSR disclosure quality, which subsequently strengthens legitimacy and stakeholder trust thereby contributing to long-term firm value. This study reinforces stakeholder and legitimacy theories, emphasizing that sustainability performance should be understood as a strategic process of value creation rather than a short-term financial determinant. The implications highlight the importance of integrated sustainability reporting, consistent disclosure standards, and policy incentives to strengthen the linkage between environmental responsibility and firm valuation in emerging markets.