The facile surface functionalization of surfactant-free organic microparticles composed of polymeric 2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diboraspiro[5.5]undecane allowed us to develop white-light emissive chemosensors for the real-time visual detection of Cu(2+) in HEPES buffer (pH 7.0) due to a synergistic response of fluorophores grafted onto the particles. A detection limit of 15.4 ppb for Cu(2+) in aqueous media and excellent recyclability were also observed.
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Nishiyabu et al. (2013) studied this question.
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