Treatment with placental growth factor attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

Figures

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  Fig 1. The effect of PlGF on myocardial infarction and improves cardiac function after I/R. (A) Representative images of the myocardial infarct size from different groups at 1 d after reperfusion. (B) Representative M-mode echocardiography images of different groups 1 d after reperfusion. (C) Ejection fraction and (D) fractional shortening (n = 6). Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. ** P<0.01 vs. the Sham group, ## P<0.01 vs. the I/R group.

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  Fig 2. Effects of PlGF on myocardial histology after I/R injury. Relieved myocardium injury was presented in the hearts of PlGF group, compared with that of I/R group. (×100, scar bars: 50 μm).

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  Fig 3. The effect of PlGF treatment on inflammatory cytokines and cardiac enzymes in serum after I/R. (A-C) The expression level of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 after I/R (n = 6). (D) and (E) Total CK-MB and cTnT levels in serum (n = 6) Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. ** P<0.01 vs. the Sham group, # P<0.05 vs. the I/R group, ## P<0.01 vs. the I/R group.

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  Fig 4. The effect of PlGF treatment on the activation of AKT, GSK-3β, FoxO3a, and caspase 3. (A) and (B) The effect PlGF pretreatment on on the activation of AKT, GSK-3β, FoxO3a, and caspase 3 (n = 6). Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. ** P<0.01 vs. the Sham group, # P<0.05 vs. the I/R group, ## P<0.01 vs. the I/R group.

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  Fig 5. The effect of PlGF treatment on myocardium apoptosis. (A) and (B) show the representative images of the apoptotic cardiomyocytes after reperfusion (n = 6). Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. ** P<0.01 vs. the Sham group, # P<0.05 vs. the I/R group, ## P<0.01 vs. the I/R group.

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  Fig 6. The effect of PlGF on cell viability and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. (A) shows cell viability of cardiomyocytes after reoxygenation (n = 4). (B) and (C) show apoptosis of cardiomyocytes after reoxygenation (n = 4). Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. ** P<0.01 vs. the Control group, ## P<0.01 vs. the OGD group. OGD: Oxygen Glucose Deprivation.

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  Fig 7. The effect of PlGF on reactive oxygen species (ROS) after hypoxia/reoxygenation. (A) and (B) show intracellular superoxide detected by DCF after reoxygenation (n = 4). (C) and (D) show mitochondrial superoxide detected by MitoSOX after reoxygenation (n = 4). Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. ** P<0.01 vs. the Control group, ## P<0.01 vs. the OGD group. DCF: 20,70-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, MF-1: neutralizing monoclonal Flt-1 antibody, OGD: Oxygen Glucose Deprivation.