Integration of real-time controls and computer programs for simulation of direct current transmission

The concept of incorporating real-time controls into established computer programs simulating AC/DC systems is introduced. It is shown that a digital real-time control system can be interfaced with a digital simulator of a power system. Through time-transposition, the control is synchronized with the system time-domain solution while operating in packets of real time. The requirements and options for implementing this approach to simulation and recommendations for its application are presented. The specific problems of operating in the different time frames and the computational aspects of scheduling the control and its interface with the system computer simulation are discussed. Implementation with reference to DC converter control is described. Synchronizing and software interface aspects are discussed.>