Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy has been used to probe the chain orientation of polyvinyl alcohol at the surface after rubbing. The distribution function of the chain orientation is determined quantitatively. The orientational order parameter of the chains deduced from the distribution matches well with that of a liquid crystal monolayer deposited on the polymer, proving that the polymer surface can align a liquid crystal film through orientational epitaxy.
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Wei et al. (1999) studied this question.
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