Adaptation of English loanwords in Kusaal and Gurenε

In this paper, we seek to explore how two closely related Mabia languages, namely Kusaal and Gurenε, adapt loanwords from English and propose an analysis in terms of the Strict CV model and Element Theory. The syllable structures of these languages do not permit consonant clusters. As a result, loanwords containing clusters are adapted through either vowel insertion or consonant deletion. The data show that all word-initial clusters are repaired through vowel insertion, while clusters in medial and final positions may also be resolved this way. The epenthetic vowel will always harmonise with the vowels close to the epenthetic site. As regards deletion, this strategy specifically targets consonants in word-medial and final positions. The analysis is framed in the Strict CV and Element Theory. By applying the Strict CV framework and Element Theory, we show that the treatment of clusters through vowel insertion is a language-specific requirement, where empty positions occurring between clusters are filled up during the adaptation process. The vowels that occupy such positions are represented with elements that are in head-agreement with the elements contained in neighbouring vowels. The paper contributes to our understanding of loanword adaptation in these languages while adding up to the growing body of research in loanword phonology.