Calling songs of male crickets attract sexually mature, conspecific females for mating (for recent reviews see Elsner & Popov, 1978; Huber & Thorson, 1985; Doherty & Hoy, 1985). This communication system has been the subject of many behavioural studies on the relevant properties of the male’s calling song for recognition by females (e.g. Walker, 1957; Popov & Shuvalov, 1977; Pollack & Hoy, 1979, 1981; Thorson, Weber & Huber, 1982; Stout, DeHaan & McGhee, 1983; Doherty, 1985b; Doolan & Pollack, 1985). The behavioural investigations have required some means of measuring the female’s phonotaxis (her locomotion or turning towards a sound source). These include ‘closed-loop’ methods in which the animal moves freely in acoustic space and ‘open-loop’ methods in which the animal is tethered and is not allowed to experience changes in sound intensities as it runs in the direction of the sound source. Closed-loop methods include free walking in arenas (e.g. Murphey & Zaretsky, 1972; Paul, 1976; Hoy, Hahn & Paul, 1977; Pollack & Hoy, 1979; Stout et al. 1983); open-loop methods include tethered flight (Moiseff, Pollack & Hoy, 1978; Pollack & Hoy, 1979, 1981; Pollack, Huber & Weber, 1984), tethered walking on Y-maze globes (Hoy & Paul, 1973) and free walking on a spherical locomotion compensator (Wendler, Dambach, Schmitz & Scharstein, 1980; Thorson & Huber, 1981; Thorson et al. 1982; Pollack et al. 1984; Doherty, 1985a,b,c; Schmitz, 1985).
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Doherty et al. (1987) studied this question.
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