Primary pelvic synovial sarcoma: case report and review of the literature

Background Synovial sarcoma originating in the pelvis is an extremely rare malignancy, and only a few cases have been reported. Usually, the tumor is detected at an advanced stage, making treatment more difficult. Case presentation We admitted a 32-year-old male patient with MRI suggestive of an 8.2*7.7*8.9-cm mass in the pelvis with bleeding. After comprehensive evaluation, aggressive surgical treatment was performed, and postoperative pathology suggested biphasic synovial sarcoma, which was treated with regular chemotherapy in the oncology department. Ten months later, the patient was found to have recurrence of the tumor at the follow-up examination, and the patient is still alive. Conclusion Synovial sarcoma, a highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma, and primary intrapelvic synovial sarcoma is even rarer, with a poor prognosis. Ultrasound, CT and MRI can help specialists to detect the tumor at an early stage and treat it aggressively, especially by active surgical treatment, which can effectively improve the survival rate. Combined with the course of diagnosis and treatment of this case, it is possible to deepen the understanding of primary pelvic synovial sarcoma and discuss appropriate treatment strategies for this rare disease.