could be in jeopardy because of the loss of elasticity of the bulbus and the subsequent impaired output. However, the more sedentary and noncompetitive environment of farmed fish may eliminate the necessity for sudden increases of cardiac output. Similar findings have been described in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with pancreas disease, where clinical signs may not be observed in affected fish despite an associated cardiomyopathy.
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Guzman et al. (1997) studied this question.
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